The ocean covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface and plays a vital role in sustaining life, connecting nations, and regulating the planet’s climate. It is not only a reservoir of immense biodiversity but also the backbone of international trade and commerce. Understanding its dual role as both an ecological sanctuary and a commercial highway is essential for appreciating why its protection is fundamental to human survival.
1. The Ocean and Global Trade
Maritime Transport Backbone: Over 80–90% of global trade is carried by sea, with shipping routes linking continents and enabling the flow of goods, energy, and resources. From crude oil and agricultural products to electronics and clothing, the ocean provides the most cost-effective means of transport.
Economic Growth: Ports and shipping industries generate millions of jobs and revenue, forming a critical part of the global economy. Coastal states, in particular, benefit from seaborne trade and associated infrastructure.
Strategic Importance: Control of sea lanes, such as the Suez Canal, Panama Canal, and the Strait of Malacca, has geopolitical significance, demonstrating the ocean’s central role in global stability and economic security.
2. The Ocean and Biodiversity
Marine Ecosystems: Oceans host nearly 250,000 known species, with millions more yet to be discovered. Coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass meadows provide habitats and breeding grounds for countless organisms.
Climate Regulation: Phytoplankton in the ocean produces more than half of the world’s oxygen and absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide, acting as a buffer against climate change.
Food Security: Fisheries and aquaculture supply protein for billions of people worldwide, particularly in coastal and island communities.
Medicinal Resources: Many marine organisms contain compounds that have been developed into medicines for cancer, infections, and other diseases.
3. Threats to the Ocean
Pollution: Plastic waste, oil spills, and chemical runoff degrade ecosystems and kill marine life.
Overfishing: Unsustainable fishing practices threaten species and disrupt ecological balance.
Climate Change: Rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and warming waters endanger coral reefs and coastal livelihoods.
Maritime Insecurity: Piracy, illegal fishing, and territorial disputes also challenge the safe use of the seas.
4. Protecting the Ocean: A Shared Responsibility
International Cooperation: Agreements like the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provide frameworks for peaceful and sustainable use of marine resources.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): Safeguarding biodiversity hotspots helps restore ecosystems and preserve endangered species.
Sustainable Shipping and Fishing: Greener shipping technologies and responsible fishing practices are essential for long-term balance.
Public Awareness: Individuals can contribute through reduced plastic use, supporting sustainable seafood, and advocating for stronger climate policies.
Conclusion
The ocean is truly a lifeline—for trade, for biodiversity, and for humanity as a whole. It links global economies, sustains livelihoods, and regulates the environment. However, its continued health cannot be taken for granted. Protecting the ocean is not only an environmental duty but also an economic and moral imperative. A thriving ocean ensures a thriving planet.
Happy world Maritime day 2025.
NC Gonchen
Maritime Reporter
Writes from
Jos plateau state
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